NEW DELHI -- Financial technology has been the toast of the finance sector in recent years, leading to an e-commerce boom that is reshaping global retailing. But policymakers and regulators are increasingly focusing on the potential of technology to reach people outside the formal financial infrastructure.

About 2.5 billion people worldwide have never had a bank account, according to recent World Bank estimates, either because they lack financial literacy or because the costs of servicing them are too high for banks.