Satoshi Ikeuchi is professor of religion and global security at the Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology at the University of Tokyo.
America's 20-year war in Afghanistan has ended.
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U.S. Marine Corps guide evacuees on to a military aircraft at Hamid Karzai International Airport in Kabul on Aug. 21: departing along with the U.S. forces were the hopes of the universal applicability of Western modernity. © U.S. Marine Corps/AP
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