Why China responded tit-for-tat to Trump's tariffs

The trade war is hurting U.S. firms, isolating allies, and handing China a golden opportunity

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2025-03-28 Xi

Chinese President Xi Jinping speaks during a meeting with foreign business leaders at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing on March 28, 2025. © Reuters

Yuqing Xing is a professor of economics at the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies in Tokyo.

As of today, Chinese exports to the U.S. are subject to tariffs of 125% or higher. Should they remain, decoupling between the world's two largest economies would be inevitable. To understand why the escalation of the U.S.-China trade war has been so dramatic, it is critical to understand the fundamental differences between the two countries and why past negotiations failed to lead a truce.

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