20240108 pakistan fishermen

Fishermen return from short expeditions in Ibrahim Hyderi, in Karachi. Animosity between Pakistan and India, disputed maritime boundaries, and the effects of pollution and climate change are all factors behind the arrests of seafarers, experts say. (Photo by Jamaima Afridi)

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VERAVAL, India/KARACHI -- Maniben, a 47-year-old widow in India's state of Gujarat, clutches her husband Bhupatbhai's final letter.

Bhupatbhai had been fishing in the Arabian Sea when he and his crew were detained by the Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) for alleged territorial encroachment -- joining hundreds of other fishermen similarly caught between the hostile nuclear-armed neighbors over the years. After about two years of silence, Bhupatbhai's letter arrived with other prisoners released in June 2023, assuring Maniben that he would be home soon.

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