In southern Spain, I once saw Catholic supplicants crawling to the hilltop shrine of a saint on blood-shredded knees; in Iran and Afghanistan, Shia Muslims of the more zealous variety flagellate their backs with blades attached to chains, memorializing the agony experienced by the revered Iman Husayn ibn Ali. Hinduism condones physical and mental suffering as a retributive form of karma.

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