TOKYO -- When Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was re-elected head of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party last month, he made a familiar pledge. His government, he said, would finally beat the deflation that has plagued the country for decades.

Japanese who joined the workforce after the bubble face bleak prospects, since the corporate ladder is crowded with colleagues 10 years older. (© Illustration by Luis Mendo)
Workers frozen out in the 1990s now lack the spending power the economy needs